Articles

The brachial plexus is formed from the connections of the spinal nerves arising from the vertebrae C5 to T1. Once they leave the arise from the spinal roots, these major nerves branch into a complex…

The phenomenon of acute pain serves two main purposes. First, it acts as a warning system to the body that the risk from harm is imminent. Second, it indicates that an injury has already occurred,…

The salivary glands, which are divided into the major and minor glands, are extremely important structures. The major glands comprise the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. These contain acinar cells, which are chiefly responsible for…

1 Introduction 1.1 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) remains a poorly understood phenomenon. In the realm of medical litigation, the syndrome can prove particularly challenging to substantiate. This is often due to the lack of…

Back pain is the commonest reason patients consult their GP, and it has been estimated that 60–80% of the population will experience the condition at some point during their lifetime. There is a significant socioeconomic…

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus, has had an enormous impact on healthcare systems around the world. Understandably, intensive care unit (ICU) provision has seen the most significant effects and has had to…

An accurate and reliable assessment of the patient’s condition is crucial in achieving a fair outcome in medicolegal cases involving chronic pain. While assessment of acute pain is relatively straightforward, measurement of chronic pain, and…

The nervous system comprises a network of nerves and nerve cells that carry messages between the brain and spinal cord and other parts of the body through a series of chemical and electrical changes. Nerves,…

Sepsis is a relatively common condition which has very high rates of both morbidity and mortality. In recent years, there has been a significant rise in sepsis-related hospital admissions, both in the UK and other…

Cancer of the oral cavity is the most common malignancy of the head and neck (1). The disease occurs more frequently in men (2–4), although the current male-to-female ratio of 2:1 appears to be decreasing…